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1 to decrease in size
to decrease in size (in number) уменьшаться в размерах (в числе)English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to decrease in size
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2 decrease
1. Ithe population (the membership, their number, etc.) 'decreases народонаселение и т. д. уменьшается /сокращается, падает/; the storm decreases буря утихает; the flood decreases вода спадает /убывает/; the cold decreasedecreases становится теплее, мороз ослабевает; the circulation has decreased тираж упал /снизился/; the moon decreases луни на ущербе; in winter the days decrease зимой дни становятся короче2. IIdecrease in some manner decrease gradually (slowly but steadily, rapidly, sharply, markedly, etc.) постепенно и т. д. уменьшаться /сокращаться, убавляться, убывать, снижаться/3. IIIdecrease smth. decrease the population (membership, circulation, the dose, etc.) уменьшать /сокращать/ население и т. д.4. XVIdecrease in smth. decrease in size (in number, in extent, etc.) уменьшаться /становиться меньше/ в размере и т. д.; decrease in severity становиться менее суровым; decrease in importance делаться /становиться/ менее важным /значительным/, терять значение; decrease to smth. decrease to a small number (to this size, to five, etc.) уменьшаться /сокращаться/ до незначительного числа и т. д; the membership (the number, the population, etc.) decreased to three hundred количество членов и т. д. сократилось /упало/ до трехсот -
3 decrease
1. [ʹdi:kri:s] nуменьшение, убывание; понижение, ослабление; спадdecrease in speed [in current] - падение скорости [напряжения]
2. [di:ʹkri:s] vcases of this sort are on the decrease - случаев такого рода всё меньше и меньше
1) уменьшать; убавлять, сокращатьto decrease export [import] - сокращать вывоз [ввоз]
to decrease the number to ten [by ten] - уменьшить число до десяти [на десять]
2) убывать; уменьшаться, убавляться, сокращаться; идти на убыльto decrease in size [in number, in extent] - уменьшаться в размере [в количестве, в объёме]
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4 size
I noun1) Größe, die; (fig. of problem, project) Umfang, der; Ausmaß, dasbe twice the size of something — zweimal so groß wie etwas sein
who can afford a car that size? — wer kann sich (Dat.) einen so großen Wagen leisten?
what size [of] box do you want? — welche Größe soll die [gewünschte] Schachtel haben?
be the size of something — so groß wie etwas sein
that's [about] the size of it — (fig. coll.) so sieht die Sache aus (ugs.)
try something for size — etwas [wegen der Größe] anprobieren; (fig.) es einmal mit etwas versuchen
collar/waist size — Kragen-/Taillenweite, die
take a size 7 shoe, take size 7 in shoes — Schuhgröße 7 haben
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/91637/size_up">size upII nounLeim, der; (for textiles) Schlichte, die* * *2) (one of a number of classes in which shoes, dresses etc are grouped according to measurements: I take size 5 in shoes.) die Größe•- sizeable- size up* * *size1[saɪz]II. vt▪ to \size sth etw mit [Grundier]leim bestreichen [o grundieren]to \size textiles Textilien schlichten fachsprsize2[saɪz]I. nwhat is the \size of that window? wie groß ist das Fenster?a company of that \size eine Firma dieser Größenordnungsix inches in \size sechs Zoll langthe \size of a thumbnail daumennagelgroßto be the same \size genauso groß seinto increase/decrease in \size größer/kleiner werden, an Größe gewinnen/verlierento cut sth to \size etw [auf die richtige Größe] zu[recht]schneidento double in \size seine Größe verdoppelnof a \size ( dated) gleich großof any \size relativ großthe nearest town of any \size is Plymouth die nächstgrößere Stadt ist Plymoutha \size 12 dress ein Kleid nt [der] Größe 42the shirt is a couple of \sizes too big das Hemd ist ein paar Nummern zu großwhat \size are you? — I'm a \size 10 welche Größe haben Sie? — ich habe Größe 36children's \size Kindergröße fcollar/shoe \size Kragenweite f/Schuhgröße fhe takes a \size 17 collar er hat Kragenweite 17economy \size pack Sparpackung fto try sth for \size etw anprobieren, ob es passt3.▶ that's about the \size of it so könnte man sagenII. vt▪ to \size sth etw nach Größe ordnen* * *I [saɪz]1. n(all senses) Größe f; (of problem, operation also) Ausmaß ntcollar/hip/waist size — Kragen-/Hüft-/Taillenweite f
shoe/dress size — Schuh-/Kleidergröße f
what size is it? — wie groß ist es?; (clothes, shoes, gloves etc) welche Größe ist es?
do you want to try it for size? — möchten Sie es anprobieren, ob es Ihnen passt?
that's about the size of it (inf) — ja, so ungefähr kann man es sagen
2. vtgrößenmäßig ordnen II1. n(Grundier)leim m2. vtgrundieren* * *size1 [saız]A swhat is the size of …? wie groß ist …?;all of a size (alle) gleich groß, (alle) in oder von derselben Größe;of all sizes in allen Größen;the size of so groß wie;that’s about the size of it umg (genau)so ist es;2. (Konfektions)Größe f, Nummer f:children’s sizes Kindergrößen;two sizes too big zwei Nummern zu groß;she takes size 7 in gloves sie hat Handschuhgröße 7;a) die gibt es in allen Größen,b) fig umg davon gibt es alle möglichen (Spiel)Arten3. figa) Größe f, Ausmaß n, Bedeutung fB v/t1. nach Größe(n) sortieren oder ordnen3. Holz etc zuschneidensize2 [saız]A s1. (MAL Grundier)Leim m, Kleister mB v/t1. leimen, mit Leim überstreichen2. MAL grundieren3. a) Stoff schlichten, appretierenb) Hutfilz steifen* * *I noun1) Größe, die; (fig. of problem, project) Umfang, der; Ausmaß, daswho can afford a car that size? — wer kann sich (Dat.) einen so großen Wagen leisten?
what size [of] box do you want? — welche Größe soll die [gewünschte] Schachtel haben?
that's [about] the size of it — (fig. coll.) so sieht die Sache aus (ugs.)
try something for size — etwas [wegen der Größe] anprobieren; (fig.) es einmal mit etwas versuchen
collar/waist size — Kragen-/Taillenweite, die
take a size 7 shoe, take size 7 in shoes — Schuhgröße 7 haben
Phrasal Verbs:- size upII nounLeim, der; (for textiles) Schlichte, die* * *n.Format -e n.Größe -n f. v.ausmessen v. -
5 decrease
[dɪ'kri:s] (number, enthusiasm, population, speed) décroître, diminuer; (value, price, crime. inflation) diminuer, baisser; (in knitting) diminuer, faire des diminutions[dɪ'kri:s] réduire, diminuer; (prices → of government) baisser; (→ of economic forces) faire baisser;∎ Knitting decrease three stitches diminuer de trois mailles, faire trois diminutions3 noun['di:kri:s] (in size) réduction f, diminution f; (in popularity) baisse f; (in price) réduction f, baisse f;∎ a decrease in numbers une baisse des effectifs;∎ to be on the decrease être en diminution ou en baisse -
6 decrease
I ['diːkriːs]nome diminuzione f., decremento m.; (in price) ribasso m., calo m. (in di)II 1. [dɪ'kriːs]verbo transitivo diminuire, ridurre [number, size]2.verbo intransitivo [ population] diminuire, decrescere; [price, rate] abbassarsi, calare; [ popularity] diminuire, calare* * *1. [di'kri:s] verb(to make or become less: Their numbers had decreased over the previous year.) diminuire2. ['di:kri:s] noun(a growing less: a decrease of fifty per cent; a gradual decrease in unemployment.) diminuzione* * *decrease /ˈdi:kri:s/n.diminuzione; calo; a decrease in income, una diminuzione del reddito; a decrease in prices, un ribasso dei prezzi; The latest figures showed a decrease of 5% [of 10,000£], le cifre più recenti mostravano un calo del 5% [di 10 000 sterline]; a decrease in the demand for consumer goods, una flessione della domanda di beni di consumo● to be on the decrease, essere in diminuzione.(to) decrease /dɪˈkri:s/A v. i.1 diminuire; scendere: Unemployment decreased by 15,000 last month, la disoccupazione è scesa di 15 000 il mese scorso; The tumor has decreased in size, le dimensioni del tumore si sono ridotte; Interest rates decreased to 1.5%, i tassi di interesse sono scesi all'1,5%B v. t.* * *I ['diːkriːs]nome diminuzione f., decremento m.; (in price) ribasso m., calo m. (in di)II 1. [dɪ'kriːs]verbo transitivo diminuire, ridurre [number, size]2.verbo intransitivo [ population] diminuire, decrescere; [price, rate] abbassarsi, calare; [ popularity] diminuire, calare -
7 decrease
̘. ̈n.ˈdi:kri:s
1. сущ. уменьшение, убывание, понижение;
убавление;
снижение, сокращение, спад a decrease in ≈ уменьшение в чем-л a gradual decrease ≈ постепенное уменьшение a sharp decrease ≈ резкое a steady decrease ≈ неуклонное to be on the decrease ≈ идти на убыль Syn: diminution, lessening
2. гл. уменьшать(ся), убывать, сокращать(ся) (in - в чем-л.) The newspaper has decreased in size, but not in quality. ≈ Объем газеты уменьшился, но качество осталось прежним. Syn: abate, decline, drop, dwindle, fall, sink, subside Ant: climb, enlarge, escalate, grow, strengthen, wax уменьшение, убывание;
понижение, ослабление;
спад - * of a swelling уменьшение опухоли - * in population уменьшение населения - a small * in production небольшой спад производства - * in speed падение скорости - to be on the * идти на убыль - our imports are on the * наш импорт сокращается - cases of this sort are on the * случаев такого рода все меньше и меньше уменьшать;
убавлять, сокращать - to * export сокращать вывоз - to * the number to ten уменьшить число до десяти убывать;
уменьшаться, убавляться, сокращаться;
идти на убыль - to * in size уменьшаться в размере - the population is decreasing население сокращается - temperature *s температура падает - his influence slowly *d его влияние постепенно уменьшалось - fears * страхи исчезают ~ уменьшение, убывание, понижение;
убавление;
спад;
to be on the decrease идти на убыль decrease ослабление ~ снижение ~ сокращать ~ сокращаться ~ сокращение ~ убавлять ~ убывание ~ убывать ~ уменьшать(ся), убывать ~ уменьшать ~ уменьшение, убывание, понижение;
убавление;
спад;
to be on the decrease идти на убыль ~ уменьшение ~ ухудшение ~ in assets сокращение активов ~ in deposits уменьшение вкладов ~ in exports сокращение экспорта ~ in population уменьшение численности населения ~ in remaining maturity сокращение оставшегося срока погашения ~ in value снижение стоимости ~ in value снижение ценности ~ of earning capacity снижение потенциальных личных доходов ~ of pay уменьшение платежа ~ of risk снижение риска ~ of working capital уменьшение оборотного капитала population ~ убыль населения rent ~ снижение арендной платы rent ~ снижение квартирной платыБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > decrease
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8 disminuir
v.1 to reduce.2 to decrease.El medicamento disminuyó la fiebre The drug decreased the fever.Me disminuyó la temperatura My temperature decreased.3 to diminish, to decrease, to fall off, to drop off.El calor disminuyó The heat diminished.4 to lessen, to take down, to humiliate, to deflate.Su actitud disminuyó a su hijo His attitude lessened his son.5 to have less.Te disminuyó la fiebre You have less fever.* * *1 (gen) to decrease2 (medidas, velocidad) to reduce1 (gen) to diminish2 (temperatura, precios) to drop, fall* * *verb1) to decrease2) drop, fall* * *1. VT1) (=reducir) [+ nivel, precio, gastos, intereses] to reduce, bring down; [+ riesgo, incidencia, dolor] to reduce, lessen; [+ temperatura] to lower, bring down; [+ prestigio, autoridad] to diminish, lessen; [+ fuerzas] to sap; [+ entusiasmo] to dampenalgunos bancos han disminuido en un 0,15% sus tipos de interés — some banks have reduced o brought down their interest rates by 0.15%
disminuyó la velocidad para tomar la curva — she slowed down o reduced her speed to go round the bend
esta medicina me disminuye las fuerzas — this medicine is making me weaker o sapping my strength
2) (Cos) [+ puntos] to decrease2. VI1) (=decrecer) [número, población] to decrease, drop, fall; [temperatura, precios] to drop, fall; [distancia, diferencia, velocidad, tensión] to decrease; [fuerzas, autoridad, poder] to diminish; [días] to grow shorter; [luz] to fade; [prestigio, entusiasmo] to dwindleha disminuido la tasa de natalidad — the birth rate has decreased o dropped o fallen
el número de asistentes ha disminuido últimamente — attendance has decreased o dropped o fallen recently
ya le está disminuyendo la fiebre — his temperature is dropping o falling now
el paro disminuyó en un 0,3% — unemployment dropped o fell by 0.3%
con esta pastilla te disminuirá el dolor — this tablet will relieve o ease your pain
2) (=empeorar) [memoria, vista] to fail3) (Cos) [puntos] to decrease* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessendisminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped
2) ( al tejer) to decrease2.disminuir vt1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish* * *= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.Ex. Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex. While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.Ex. Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.Ex. When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.Ex. Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.Ex. In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.Ex. The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.Ex. Her agitation subsided suddenly.Ex. Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.Ex. As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.Ex. Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.Ex. Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.Ex. The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex. The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.Ex. Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.Ex. The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.Ex. The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.Ex. Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.----* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.* disminuir el valor de = belittle.* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.* disminuir la marcha = slow down.* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessendisminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped
2) ( al tejer) to decrease2.disminuir vt1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish* * *= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.
Ex: Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex: While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.Ex: Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.Ex: When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.Ex: Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.Ex: In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.Ex: The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.Ex: Her agitation subsided suddenly.Ex: Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.Ex: As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.Ex: Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.Ex: Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.Ex: The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex: The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.Ex: Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.Ex: The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.Ex: The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.Ex: Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.* disminuir el valor de = belittle.* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.* disminuir la marcha = slow down.* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.* * *viA (menguar) «número/cantidad» to decrease, drop, fall; «desempleo/exportaciones/gastos» to decrease, drop, fall; «entusiasmo» to wane, diminish; «interés» to wane, diminish, fall offel número de fumadores ha disminuido the number of smokers has dropped o fallen o decreasedlos impuestos no disminuyeron there was no decrease o cut in taxeslos casos de malaria han disminuido there has been a drop o fall o decrease in the number of malaria casesdisminuyó la intensidad del viento the wind died down o droppedla agilidad disminuye con los años one becomes less agile with ageB (al tejer) to decrease■ disminuirvtA (reducir) ‹gastos/costos› to reduce, bring down, cutdisminuimos la velocidad we reduced speedes un asunto muy grave y se intenta disminuir su importancia it is a very serious matter, and its importance is being played downel alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos alcohol slows down your reactionsB (al tejer) ‹puntos› to decrease* * *
disminuir ( conjugate disminuir) verbo intransitivo ( menguar) [número/cantidad] to decrease, fall;
[precios/temperaturas] to drop, fall;
[ dolor] to diminish, lessen
verbo transitivo ( reducir) ‹gastos/producción› to cut back on;
‹ impuestos› to cut;
‹velocidad/número/cantidad› to reduce
disminuir
I verbo transitivo to reduce: esto disminuye sus probabilidades de entrar en la Universidad, this lowers his chances of admission to the University
II verbo intransitivo to diminish: el calor ha disminuido, the heat has lessened
' disminuir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aclararse
- atenuar
- bajar
- descender
- enfriar
- perder
- rebajar
- reducir
- reducirse
- velocidad
English:
cut back
- decline
- decrease
- die down
- diminish
- drop
- dwindle
- ease off
- ease up
- lessen
- lower
- odds
- reduce
- shrink
- sink
- slacken
- slacken off
- taper off
- thin out
- abate
- ease
- flag
- go
- let
- tail
- taper
- wane
* * *♦ vtto reduce, to decrease;disminuye la velocidad al entrar en la curva reduce speed as you go into the curve;pastillas que disminuyen el sueño tablets that prevent drowsiness;la lesión no ha disminuido su habilidad con el balón the injury hasn't affected his skill with the ball♦ vi[cantidad, velocidad, intensidad, contaminación] to decrease, to decline; [desempleo, inflación] to decrease, to fall; [precios, temperatura] to fall, to go down; [vista, memoria] to fail; [interés] to decline, to wane;disminuye el número de matriculaciones en la universidad university enrolments are down;medidas para que disminuyan los costes cost-cutting measures;no disminuye la euforia inversora investor enthusiasm continues unabated* * *II v/i decrease, diminish* * *disminuir {41} vtreducir: to reduce, to decrease, to lowerdisminuir vi1) : to lower2) : to drop, to fall* * *disminuir vb1. (reducir) to reduce -
9 verkleinern
I v/t reduce (in size), make s.th. smaller; (Zeichnung) scale down (auch Betrieb etc.); fig. (schmälern) belittleII v/refl get ( oder grow) smaller; wir müssen uns verkleinern Firma etc.: we need to reduce in size; platzmäßig: we have to move to smaller premises* * *to reduce; to lessen; to diminish; to make smaller* * *ver|klei|nern [fɛɐ'klainɐn] ptp verkleinert1. vtto reduce; Raum, Gebiet, Firma to make smaller; (Linse, Brille) to make smaller; Fotografie to reduce (in size); Maßstab to scale down; Abstand to decrease; Not, Probleme, Schuld to minimize; jds Leistungen, Verdienste to belittle; Wort to form the diminutive of2. vrto be reduced; (Raum, Gebiet, Firma) to become smaller; (Maßstab) to be scaled down; (Abstand) to decrease; (Not, Probleme, Schuld) to become lessdurch den großen Schrank verkleinert sich das Zimmer — the big cupboard makes the room (seem) smaller
3. vi(Linse etc) to make everything seem smaller* * *Ver·klei·nern<-s>[fɛɐ̯ˈklainɐn]* * *1.transitives Verb1) make smaller; reduce the size of; reduce <size, number, etc.>2) (kleiner reproduzieren) reduce <photograph etc.>2.reflexives Verb become smaller; < number> decrease, grow smaller3.intransitives Verb <lens etc.> make things look or appear smaller* * *A. v/t reduce (in size), make sth smaller; (Zeichnung) scale down (auch Betrieb etc); fig (schmälern) belittlewir müssen uns verkleinern Firma etc: we need to reduce in size; platzmäßig: we have to move to smaller premises* * *1.transitives Verb1) make smaller; reduce the size of; reduce <size, number, etc.>2) (kleiner reproduzieren) reduce <photograph etc.>2.reflexives Verb become smaller; < number> decrease, grow smaller3.intransitives Verb <lens etc.> make things look or appear smaller* * *(maßstäblich) v.to scale down v. v.to lessen v.to make smaller expr.to reduce v.to shrink v.(§ p.,p.p.: shrank, shrunk) -
10 reducir
v.1 to reduce.nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cutreducir algo a algo to reduce something to somethingreducir algo al absurdo to make a nonsense of somethingElla redujo la velocidad She reduced the speed.2 to suppress, to subdue (someter) (país, ciudad).3 to convert (Mat) (convertir).4 to set (medicine).5 to shorten, to shrink.Ellos redujeron las tablas They shortened the boards.6 to cut down, to depress, to de-escalate, to deescalate.Ellos redujeron los gastos They cut down expenses.7 to conquer, to subdue, to subjugate.Ellos redujeron a los nativos They conquered the natives.8 to hydrogenate.* * *1 (gen) to reduce2 (disminuir) to reduce, cut, cut down on3 (vencer) to subdue4 MEDICINA to set5 (una salsa, etc) to reduce, boil down1 AUTOMÓVIL to change down, change to a lower gear1 (gen) to be reduced; (decrecer) to decrease2 (resultar) to come down (a, to)* * *verb1) to reduce, cut2) decrease3) subdue* * *1. VT1) (=disminuir)a) [en cantidad] [+ gastos, inflación, precio] to reduce, bring down, cut; [+ tensión, ansiedad] to reduce; [+ riesgo] to reduce, lessenmedidas encaminadas a reducir el número de parados — measures designed to reduce o bring down o cut the number of unemployed
han reducido las listas de espera en los hospitales — they have reduced o cut hospital waiting lists
el autobús redujo su velocidad — the bus reduced speed, the bus slowed down
el banco redujo su beneficio un 12% — the bank saw its profits fall by 12%
•
reducir algo en algo — to reduce sth by sth, cut sth by sthtenemos que reducir la producción en un 20% — we have to reduce o cut production by 20%
b) [en tiempo] [+ jornada laboral] to reduce, shorten; [+ sentencia] to reducehan reducido la mili a nueve meses — they have reduced o cut military service to nine months
sus abogados consiguieron reducir la sentencia a dos meses — his lawyers managed to get his sentence reduced to two months
c) [en tamaño] [+ copia] to reduce; [+ discurso, artículo] to cut down, shorten2)•
reducir algo a algo —a) (=limitar) to limit sth to sth; (=simplificar) to reduce sth to sthredujo su intervención a criticar al gobierno — her participation was limited to criticizing the government
b) (=convertir) [+ cantidad, medida] to convert sth into sth; [+ fracción, ecuación] to reduce sth into sth3) (=someter) [+ ladrón, fugitivo, loco] to overpower; [+ alborotadores] to subdue; [+ fortaleza] to subdue, reduce frm•
reducir a algn al silencio — [por la fuerza, por miedo] to silence sb; [por vergüenza, humillación] to reduce sb to silence4) (Med) [+ hueso, hernia] to set, reduce frm5) (Quím) to reduce6) LAm [en el mercado negro] to get rid of *2.VI (Aut) to change down3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reducereducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum
le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence
reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form
b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce2)a) ( transformar)reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing
b) (Quím) to reducec) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)2.reducir vi1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear3.reducirse v pronreducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river
* * *= abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.Ex. Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.Ex. A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.Ex. In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.Ex. These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.Ex. Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.Ex. Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.Ex. More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.Ex. If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.Ex. Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.Ex. But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.Ex. Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.Ex. This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.Ex. He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex. In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.Ex. By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex. The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.Ex. Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.Ex. May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.Ex. The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.Ex. You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.Ex. They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.----* que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.* reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.* reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.* reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.* reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.* reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].* reducir costes = reduce + costs.* reducir de plantilla = downsize.* reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.* reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.* reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.* reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.* reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.* reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.* reducir el valor = reduce + value.* reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.* reducir gradualmente = scale down.* reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.* reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.* reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.* reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.* reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.* reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.* reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.* reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.* reducir progresivamente = phase out.* reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).* reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reducereducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum
le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence
reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form
b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce2)a) ( transformar)reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing
b) (Quím) to reducec) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)2.reducir vi1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear3.reducirse v pronreducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river
* * *= abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.Ex: Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.
Ex: A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.Ex: In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.Ex: These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.Ex: Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.Ex: Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.Ex: More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.Ex: If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.Ex: Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.Ex: But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.Ex: Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.Ex: This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.Ex: He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex: In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.Ex: By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex: The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.Ex: Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.Ex: May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.Ex: The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.Ex: You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.Ex: They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.* que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.* reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.* reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.* reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.* reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.* reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.* reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].* reducir costes = reduce + costs.* reducir de plantilla = downsize.* reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.* reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.* reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.* reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.* reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.* reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.* reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.* reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.* reducir el valor = reduce + value.* reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.* reducir gradualmente = scale down.* reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.* reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.* reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.* reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.* reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.* reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.* reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.* reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.* reducir progresivamente = phase out.* reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).* reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.* * *reducir [I6 ]vtA1 ‹gastos/costos› to cut, cut down on, reduce; ‹velocidad› to reduce; ‹producción/consumo› to reducehemos reducido el número de casos we have brought down o reduced the number of casesredujeron el número de plazas they cut the number of places o the number of places was reducedhan prometido reducir los impuestos they have promised to cut o reduce taxescon esto se intenta reducir al mínimo el riesgo de infección this is intended to minimize o to reduce to a minimum the risk of infectionejercicios para reducir (la) cintura exercises to reduce your waistlinereducir algo A algo to reduce sth TO sthhan reducido el texto a 50 páginas they have shortened o reduced the text to fifty pagesle han reducido la pena a dos años they have commuted o shortened o reduced his sentence to two yearsla población quedó reducida a la mitad the population was reduced to half of its former sizereducir algo a su mínima expresión ( Mat) to reduce sth to its simplest expression o formel suéter quedó reducido a su mínima expresión ( hum); the sweater shrank to nothingreducir algo EN algo to reduce sth BY sthpretenden reducir el gasto en cinco millones they aim to reduce costs by five million2 ‹fotocopia/fotografía› to reduceB1 (transformar) reducir algo A algo:reducir los gramos a miligramos to convert the grams to milligramsreducir quebrados a un mínimo común denominador to reduce fractions to their lowest common denominatorquedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashestodas sus ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada all his dreams were shattered2 ( Quím) to reduceC (dominar, someter) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue; ‹ladrón› to overpowerreducir a un pueblo a la esclavitud to reduce a people to slaveryD ‹fractura/hernia› to set, reduce ( tech)E (CS) ‹cadáver/restos mortales› to exhume ( for reburial in a niche or smaller coffin)■ reducirviA ( Coc) to reduce, boil downdejar reducir la salsa leave the sauce to boil down o reducereducirse A algo:todo se reduce a saber interpretar las cifras it all comes down to knowing how to interpret the figurestodo se redujo a una visita a la catedral y un paseo por el río in the end it was just a visit to the cathedral and a walk along the river* * *
reducir ( conjugate reducir) verbo transitivo
1
‹velocidad/producción/consumo› to reduce;
reducir algo A algo to reduce sth to sth;
reducir algo EN algo to reduce sth by sth
2a) ( transformar):
quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes
3 ( dominar) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue;
‹ ladrón› to overpower
reducirse verbo pronominal:
reducir
I verbo transitivo
1 (disminuir) to reduce
reducir algo en algo, to reduce sthg by sthg
(gastos, consumo, etc) to cut (down), minimize
2 (convertir, transformar) to reduce: el incendio redujo el bosque a cenizas, the fire reduced the wood to ashes
3 (subyugar) to subdue
II vi Auto to change down, US to downshift
' reducir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bajar
- ceniza
- encaminada
- encaminado
- moler
- disminuir
- minimizar
- mínimo
- mira
English:
administrative
- austerity
- ax
- axe
- change down
- corner
- curtail
- cut
- cut back
- cut down
- decrease
- deficit
- deplenish
- deplete
- depress
- downsize
- effective
- halve
- lighten
- lower
- narrow down
- prune
- pulp
- rate
- receive
- reduce
- retrench
- scale down
- shorten
- slow
- wind down
- bring
- cost
- deaden
- decelerate
- diminish
- discount
- get
- lessen
- loss
- minimize
- over
- pare
- scale
- slacken
- traffic
- whittle
- wind
* * *♦ vt1. [disminuir] to reduce;[gastos, costes, impuestos, plantilla] to cut; [producción] to cut (back on);nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cut;reduzca la velocidad [en letrero] reduce speed now;reducir algo a algo to reduce sth to sth;el edificio quedó reducido a escombros the building was reduced to a pile of rubble;reducir algo al mínimo to reduce sth to a minimum;tú todo lo reduces a tener dinero the only thing you care about is money;reducir a la mínima expresión to cut down to the bare minimum2. [fotocopia] to reduce3. [someter] [país, ciudad] to suppress, to subdue;[atracador, ladrón, sublevados] to overpower6. Quím to reduce8. Andes, RP [objetos robados] to receive, to fence9. RP [cadáver] to exhume [for reburial in smaller container]♦ vireduce a tercera change down into third (gear)* * *v/t1 reduce (a to); gastos cut;reducir personal cut jobs, reduce staff numbers;reducir la marcha AUTO downshift, shift into a lower gear2 MIL overcome* * *reducir {61} vt1) disminuir: to reduce, to decrease, to cut2) : to subdue3) : to boil down* * *reducir vb to reduce -
11 aumentar
v.1 to increase, to rise.aumentar la producción to increase productionla lente aumenta la imagen the lens magnifies the imageme han aumentado el sueldo my salary has been raisedaumentó casi 10 kilos he put on almost 10 kilosaumentar de peso/tamaño to increase in weight/sizeaumentar de precio to go up o increase in priceel desempleo aumentó en un 4 por ciento unemployment rose o increased by 4 percentEl ejercicio aumenta el apetito Exercising increases the appetite.Aumentaron los gastos The expenses increased.Nos aumentaron las ganancias este año Our profits increased this year.2 to magnify, to amplify.El reportero aumentó la noticia The reporter magnified the news story.3 to enlarge.Vamos a aumentar la casa We will enlarge the house.4 to raise, to improve.El movimiento aumentó la temperatura Movement raised the temperature.5 to increase the size of, to enlarge.* * *1 to augment, increase (precios) to put up; (producción) to step up2 (óptica) to magnify3 (fotos) to enlarge4 (sonido) to amplify1 to rise, go up1 to increase, be on the increase (precios) to go up, rise* * *verb1) to increase2) raise* * *1. VT1) [+ tamaño] to increase; (Fot) to enlarge; (Ópt) to magnify2) [+ cantidad] to increase; [+ precio] to increase, put up; [+ producción] to increase, step upme van a aumentar el sueldo — they are going to increase o raise my salary
3) [+ intensidad] to increase4) (Elec, Radio) to amplify2. VI1) [tamaño] to increase2) [cantidad, precio, producción] to increase, go upel número de asesinatos ha aumentado en 200 — the number of killings has increased o gone up by 200
este semestre aumentó la inflación en un 2% — inflation has increased o gone up by 2% over the last 6 months
3) [intensidad] to increasela crispación política aumenta por momentos — political tension is increasing o rising by the moment
4)aumentar de peso — [objeto] to increase in weight; [persona] to put on o gain weight
* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <precio/sueldo> to increase, raise; <cantidad/velocidad/tamaño> to increase; <producción/dosis> to increase, step up; dolor/miedo/tensión to increase2.el microscopio aumenta la imagen — the microscope enlarges o magnifies the image
aumentar vi temperatura/presión to rise; velocidad to increase; precio/producción/valor to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos — the child put on o gained 500 grams
aumentar de algo — de volumen/tamaño to increase in something
aumentó de peso — he put on o gained weight
* * *= accelerate, augment, become + large, enhance, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow + larger, increase, raise, rise, strengthen, accentuate, grow, add to, deepen, mushroom, intensify, wax, swell, pump up, bump up, step up, spike, crank up, ramp up, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, amp up, turn up.Ex. In recent years, the pace of change has accelerated with the introduction of on-line information retrieval.Ex. These sources which form the basis of the intellectual selection of terms may be augmented by the machine selection of terms.Ex. If the number of categories becomes large, cross-references will be necessary between individual files.Ex. An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex. Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex. Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.Ex. As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.Ex. As the system grows larger it's more difficult to maintain that control.Ex. Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex. The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.Ex. If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.Ex. He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.Ex. However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex. No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.Ex. In addition, Britain has one of the most extensive bodies of legislation in the world, which is added to daily and encrusted with myriad rules and regulations.Ex. One of the effects of reading in children is that their appreciation of the processes and function of literature is deepened.Ex. The use of electronic mail systems has mushroomed in the last 5 years in industrialised nations.Ex. Whilst these achievements are commendable, there is a catch in them -- there can be used to 'intensify' the economic exploitation of women.Ex. The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex. Reference work has been ill-served in the past by its expositors and theoreticians: its extensive literature of several hundred papers and books is swollen by a mass of the transient and the trivial.Ex. The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.Ex. Most librarians will admit that they could probably increase the use made of their lending libraries and bump up their annual loans by stocking more romances and thrillers and fewer serious novels, but they do not do this.Ex. The intensity of marketing to schools and parents will have to be stepped up by publishers if they are to succeed in the more competitive market.Ex. Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.Ex. Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.Ex. EGND has hit a home run with the introduction of a new product line, increasing sales projections, and ramping up production schedules.Ex. Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.Ex. Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.Ex. There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.Ex. We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.Ex. David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.Ex. Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.Ex. After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.Ex. The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.Ex. In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.----* aumentar de importancia = grow in + importance, grow in + significance.* aumentar de tamaño = grow in + size, grow + larger, increase in + size.* aumentar de valor = increase in + value.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aumentar el precio = mark up + price, jack up + the price.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.* aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* aumentar la experiencia = deepen + experience.* aumentar la productividad = increase + productivity, boost + Posesivo + productivity.* aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.* aumentar las posibilidades = increase + the odds.* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* aumentar las ventas = boost + sales.* aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumentar los impuestos = increase + taxes.* aumentar los ingresos = boost + Posesivo + income.* aumentar rápidamente = snowball.* crisis + aumentar = crisis + deepen.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <precio/sueldo> to increase, raise; <cantidad/velocidad/tamaño> to increase; <producción/dosis> to increase, step up; dolor/miedo/tensión to increase2.el microscopio aumenta la imagen — the microscope enlarges o magnifies the image
aumentar vi temperatura/presión to rise; velocidad to increase; precio/producción/valor to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos — the child put on o gained 500 grams
aumentar de algo — de volumen/tamaño to increase in something
aumentó de peso — he put on o gained weight
* * *= accelerate, augment, become + large, enhance, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow + larger, increase, raise, rise, strengthen, accentuate, grow, add to, deepen, mushroom, intensify, wax, swell, pump up, bump up, step up, spike, crank up, ramp up, move it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch, ratchet up, amp up, turn up.Ex: In recent years, the pace of change has accelerated with the introduction of on-line information retrieval.
Ex: These sources which form the basis of the intellectual selection of terms may be augmented by the machine selection of terms.Ex: If the number of categories becomes large, cross-references will be necessary between individual files.Ex: An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex: Here entry is made under the original author of an edition that has been revised, enlarged, updated, condensed, and so on by another person.Ex: Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.Ex: As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.Ex: As the system grows larger it's more difficult to maintain that control.Ex: Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.Ex: The speaker said that James estimated people function at only 20% of their capacity, and concluded that they could raise this percentage considerable if they knew how to manage their time more efficiently.Ex: If suppliers are forced out of business, there will be less software to lend and prices will rise with the lack of competition.Ex: He proposes a research agenda that could strengthen archival appraisal and the profession's ability to document society.Ex: However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex: No true reader can be expected to grow on a diet of prescribed texts only regardless of how well chosen they are.Ex: In addition, Britain has one of the most extensive bodies of legislation in the world, which is added to daily and encrusted with myriad rules and regulations.Ex: One of the effects of reading in children is that their appreciation of the processes and function of literature is deepened.Ex: The use of electronic mail systems has mushroomed in the last 5 years in industrialised nations.Ex: Whilst these achievements are commendable, there is a catch in them -- there can be used to 'intensify' the economic exploitation of women.Ex: The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.Ex: Reference work has been ill-served in the past by its expositors and theoreticians: its extensive literature of several hundred papers and books is swollen by a mass of the transient and the trivial.Ex: The article ' Pump up the program...' identifies the costs and benefits of undertaking a software upgrade.Ex: Most librarians will admit that they could probably increase the use made of their lending libraries and bump up their annual loans by stocking more romances and thrillers and fewer serious novels, but they do not do this.Ex: The intensity of marketing to schools and parents will have to be stepped up by publishers if they are to succeed in the more competitive market.Ex: Baby boomers are desperately trying to hold onto their salad days -- plastic surgery, vitamins and drugs like Viagra have spiked in public demand.Ex: Refiners are cranking up diesel output to meet rising global demand.Ex: EGND has hit a home run with the introduction of a new product line, increasing sales projections, and ramping up production schedules.Ex: Liverpool and Chelsea are grabbing all the headlines, but Arsenal have quietly moved it up a gear scoring 10 goals in their last three league games.Ex: Start gently, ease yourself in by breaking the workout down into three one minute sessions until you are ready to notch it up a gear and join them together.Ex: There was not much to separate the sides in the first ten minutes however Arsenal took it up a gear and got the goal but not without a bit of luck.Ex: We have a good time together and we're good friends.. but I'd like to take it up a notch.Ex: David quickly comprehended our project needs and then cranked it up a notch with impactful design.Ex: Went for a bike ride with a mate last week, no problems so will crank it up a gear and tackle some hills in the next few weeks.Ex: After a regular walking routine is established, why not move it up a notch and start jogging, if you haven't already.Ex: The health department has ratcheted up efforts to prevent or slow down the spread of swine flu in schools.Ex: In order to gain strength fast, you need to immediately begin amping up your strength thermostat in your mind.Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.* aumentar de importancia = grow in + importance, grow in + significance.* aumentar de tamaño = grow in + size, grow + larger, increase in + size.* aumentar de valor = increase in + value.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* aumentar el esfuerzo = increase + effort.* aumentar el precio = mark up + price, jack up + the price.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* aumentar en cantidad = increase in + quantity.* aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.* aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.* aumentar la confusión = add to + the confusion.* aumentar la experiencia = deepen + experience.* aumentar la productividad = increase + productivity, boost + Posesivo + productivity.* aumentar las diferencias entre... y = widen + the gap between... and.* aumentar las posibilidades = increase + the odds.* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* aumentar las ventas = boost + sales.* aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumentar los impuestos = increase + taxes.* aumentar los ingresos = boost + Posesivo + income.* aumentar rápidamente = snowball.* crisis + aumentar = crisis + deepen.* estar aumentando = be on the increase.* * *aumentar [A1 ]vt1 ‹precio› to increase, raise, put up; ‹sueldo› to increase, raise; ‹cantidad/velocidad/tamaño› to increase; ‹producción/dosis› to increase, step upel microscopio aumenta la imagen the microscope enlarges o magnifies the imageno hizo más que aumentar su dolor/miedo all it did was increase her pain/fearesto aumentó la tensión this added to o increased the tension2 ‹puntos› (en tejido) to increase■ aumentarvi«temperatura» to rise; «presión» to rise, increase; «velocidad» to increase; «precio/producción/valor» to increase, riseel niño aumentó 500 gramos the child put on o gained 500 gramssu popularidad ha aumentado his popularity has grown, he has gained in popularityel costo de la vida aumentó en un 3% the cost of living rose by 3%la dificultad de los ejercicios va aumentando the exercises get progressively more difficultaumentará el frío durante el fin de semana it will become colder over the weekendaumentar DE algo to increase IN sthaumentó de volumen/tamaño it increased in volume/sizeha aumentado de peso he's put on o gained weight* * *
aumentar ( conjugate aumentar) verbo transitivo
‹precio/sueldo› to increase, raiseb) (Opt) to magnify
verbo intransitivo [temperatura/presión] to rise;
[ velocidad] to increase;
[precio/producción/valor] to increase, rise;
aumentar de algo ‹de volumen/tamaño› to increase in sth;
aumentó de peso he put on o gained weight
aumentar
I verbo transitivo to increase
Fot to enlarge
Ópt to magnify
II vi (una cantidad) to go up, rise
(de valor) to appreciate
' aumentar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alargar
- engordar
- explorar
- separar
- separarse
- doblar
- elevar
- multiplicar
- redoblar
English:
add to
- appreciate
- augment
- boost
- build up
- deepen
- efficiency
- enhance
- escalate
- gain
- grow
- heighten
- improve
- increase
- intensify
- jack up
- jump
- magnify
- mark up
- mount
- odds
- put up
- quantity
- raise
- rise
- snowball
- step up
- surge
- swell
- up
- add
- develop
- go
- put
- soar
- strengthen
* * *♦ vtto increase;aumentar la producción to increase production;los enfrentamientos aumentaron la tensión en la zona the clashes increased the tension in the zone;me han aumentado el sueldo my salary has been increased o raised;la lente aumenta la imagen the lens magnifies the image;aumentó casi 10 kilos he put on almost 10 kilos♦ vi[temperatura, precio, gastos, tensión] to increase, to rise; [velocidad] to increase;aumentar de tamaño to increase in size;aumentar de precio to go up o increase in price;el desempleo aumentó en un 4 por ciento unemployment rose o increased by 4 percent;con lo que come, no me sorprende que haya aumentado de peso it doesn't surprise me that he's put on weight, considering how much he eats* * *I v/t increase; precio increase, raise, put up* * *aumentar vtacrecentar: to increase, to raiseaumentar vi: to rise, to increase, to grow* * *aumentar vb1. (hacer subir) to increase / to raise -
12 reducción
f.1 reduction, decrease, decline, fall.2 curtailment, deescalation, cut, cutback.* * *1 reduction* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=disminución)a) [de cantidad, precios, consumo, tamaño] reductionuna reducción del gasto público — a cut o reduction in public spending
estudian nuevas reducciones de personal — they are considering new staff cuts o reductions in staff
b) [de tiempo] reductionla reducción a cinco años del mandato presidencial — the reduction of the presidential term to five years
los sindicatos piden la reducción de la jornada laboral — they unions are calling for a shorter working day
2) (Mat) (=conversión) [de unidades, medidas] conversion; [de ecuaciones] reduction3) [de rebeldes] defeat4) (Med) setting, reduction frm6) LAm ( Hist) settlement of Christianized Indians* * *1)a) ( disminución) reductionla reducción del precio del pan — the reduction in o lowering of the price of bread
reducción de impuestos — tax cuts, reduction in taxes
b) (Fot) reduction2) (Mat, Quím, Med) reduction3) (Chi) ( de indígenas) reservation* * *= compression, curtailment, cutting, reduction, shrinkage, contraction, dilution, diminution, abatement, slashing, ebbing, depletion, narrowing, cut, effacement, drawdown, mark-down.Ex. The compression keys are built for all main and added entry combinations appropriate to a record.Ex. This paper emphasises the need for booksellers to keep informed of new developments and of the danger of curtailment of present activities, but also to be prepared to experiment.Ex. This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.Ex. A scheme should allow reduction, to take out subjects and their subdivisions which are no longer used.Ex. DBMS systems aim to allow data to be re-organised to accommodate growth, shrinkage and so on.Ex. The euphoric years of affluence and expansion in the decades immediately following the midpoint of the century have given way to traumatic years of austerity and contraction.Ex. The good novelist is therefore an author with a wide appeal but this wide appeal is not attained, or even sought, through a dilution of quality; it is simply that this type of writer has a different sort of skill.Ex. Most adults feel the awakening of interest in biography and a diminution at the same time of the fondness for fiction.Ex. The asbestos literature is discussed under its industrial, medical, legal, control and abatement aspects.Ex. But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.Ex. The article is entitled 'The ebbing of municipal documents and the flow of public information in New York'.Ex. Results indicated that there will be a serious depletion of resources in library schools before the year 2001.Ex. The narrowing of the curriculum has implications for the future.Ex. Meanwhile a coalition of cells has been effected at intervals through the effacement of their walls.Ex. Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.Ex. Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.----* escala de reducción = reduction ratio.* mamoplastía de reducción = reduction mammoplasty.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducción de gastos = cost cutting, cost saving [cost-saving], cost reduction.* reducción de impuestos = tax cut.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* reducción de la deuda externa = debt relief.* reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* reducción de los precios = price cut.* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.* reducción de pecho = breast reduction.* reducción de personal = staff cutbacks, downsizing.* reducción de plantilla = downsizing.* reducción de precios = pricecutting.* reducción de tipo impositivo = tax abatement.* reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.* reducciones presupuestarias = budgetary restrictions.* reducción fiscal = tax cut.* reducción para piano = piano score.* reducción presupuestaria = budget reduction, budgetary constraint.* reducción tributaria = tax reduction.* * *1)a) ( disminución) reductionla reducción del precio del pan — the reduction in o lowering of the price of bread
reducción de impuestos — tax cuts, reduction in taxes
b) (Fot) reduction2) (Mat, Quím, Med) reduction3) (Chi) ( de indígenas) reservation* * *= compression, curtailment, cutting, reduction, shrinkage, contraction, dilution, diminution, abatement, slashing, ebbing, depletion, narrowing, cut, effacement, drawdown, mark-down.Ex: The compression keys are built for all main and added entry combinations appropriate to a record.
Ex: This paper emphasises the need for booksellers to keep informed of new developments and of the danger of curtailment of present activities, but also to be prepared to experiment.Ex: This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.Ex: A scheme should allow reduction, to take out subjects and their subdivisions which are no longer used.Ex: DBMS systems aim to allow data to be re-organised to accommodate growth, shrinkage and so on.Ex: The euphoric years of affluence and expansion in the decades immediately following the midpoint of the century have given way to traumatic years of austerity and contraction.Ex: The good novelist is therefore an author with a wide appeal but this wide appeal is not attained, or even sought, through a dilution of quality; it is simply that this type of writer has a different sort of skill.Ex: Most adults feel the awakening of interest in biography and a diminution at the same time of the fondness for fiction.Ex: The asbestos literature is discussed under its industrial, medical, legal, control and abatement aspects.Ex: But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.Ex: The article is entitled 'The ebbing of municipal documents and the flow of public information in New York'.Ex: Results indicated that there will be a serious depletion of resources in library schools before the year 2001.Ex: The narrowing of the curriculum has implications for the future.Ex: Meanwhile a coalition of cells has been effected at intervals through the effacement of their walls.Ex: Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.Ex: Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.* escala de reducción = reduction ratio.* mamoplastía de reducción = reduction mammoplasty.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducción de gastos = cost cutting, cost saving [cost-saving], cost reduction.* reducción de impuestos = tax cut.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* reducción de la deuda externa = debt relief.* reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* reducción de los precios = price cut.* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.* reducción de pecho = breast reduction.* reducción de personal = staff cutbacks, downsizing.* reducción de plantilla = downsizing.* reducción de precios = pricecutting.* reducción de tipo impositivo = tax abatement.* reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.* reducciones presupuestarias = budgetary restrictions.* reducción fiscal = tax cut.* reducción para piano = piano score.* reducción presupuestaria = budget reduction, budgetary constraint.* reducción tributaria = tax reduction.* * *A1(disminución): reducción de gastos reduction in costsla reducción del precio del pan the reduction in o lowering of the price of breadno habrá reducción de los impuestos there will be no tax cuts o no reduction in taxesuna reducción del personal a reduction o cutback in the workforcese ha producido una reducción en el consumo de tabaco there has been a reduction o drop in tobacco consumptionuna reducción de tres horas semanales a reduction of three hours a weekse solicitó la reducción de la pena they asked for the sentence to be commuted o reduced2 ( Fot) reductionB1 ( Mat) reduction2 ( Quím) reductionC (de una ciudad) conquest; (de los rebeldes, enemigos) defeatD2 ( Chi) (de indígenas) reservationE (de una fractura) setting, reduction ( tech)* * *
reducción sustantivo femenino
reduction;◊ reducción de impuestos tax cuts, reduction in taxes;
una reducción de personal a reduction o cutback in the workforce
reducción sustantivo femenino reduction
reducción de plantilla, streamlining
' reducción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
contrapartida
- polvareda
- rebaja
- despedir
English:
cut
- cutback
- decrease
- reduction
- redundant
- remission
- retrenchment
- board
* * *reducción nf1. [disminución] reduction;piden la reducción de la jornada laboral they are asking for working hours to be shortened;se ha producido una reducción de los precios de 5 puntos porcentuales prices have gone down o fallen by 5 percentreducción al absurdo reductio ad absurdum;reducción de condena remission;reducción de gastos cost cutting;han anunciado una reducción de gastos they have announced that they are going to cut costs;reducción de jornada: [m5] estar en reducción de jornada to work part-time;reducción de precios [acción] price-cutting;[resultado] price cut;reducción tributaria tax cut2. [sometimiento] [de rebelión] suppression;[de ejército] defeat4. Quím reduction5. Hist = settlement of Indians converted to Christianity6. RP [de cadáver] exhumation [for reburial of bones in smaller container]* * *f1 reduction;reducción de empleo job cuts pl ;reducción de impuestos tax cut;reducción de la jornada laboral shortening of the working day;plantilla cutbacks pl, job cuts pl2 MED setting* * ** * *reducción n reduction -
13 réduire
réduire [ʀedyiʀ]➭ TABLE 381. transitive verb( = diminuer) to reduce ; [+ texte] to shorten• réduire à sa plus simple expression [+ mobilier, repas] to reduce to the absolute minimum• réduire qch en miettes/en morceaux to smash sth to tiny pieces/to pieces2. intransitive verb[sauce] to reduce• faire or laisser réduire la sauce cook the sauce to reduce it3. reflexive verb* * *ʀedɥiʀ
1.
1) ( diminuer) to reduceréduire un article de 3% — to reduce an article by 3%
réduire quelque chose en taille — to make something smaller, to reduce the size of something
2) ( en reproduisant) to reduce [photographie]; to scale down [dessin]; ( en faisant des coupures) to cut [texte]3) ( transformer)être réduit en cendres — lit [ville] to be reduced to ashes; fig [espoirs, rêves] to turn to ashes
être réduit à rien or à néant — [efforts, travail, fortune] to be wiped out
4) ( en simplifiant)5) ( obliger)6) ( vaincre) to subdue [ennemi]; to silence [opposition]; to crush [émeute]7) Culinaire, Chimie to reduce [composé, sauce]8) Mathématique to reduce [fraction]
2.
verbe intransitif Culinaire [sauce] to reduce; [épinards] to shrink
3.
se réduire verbe pronominal1) ( diminuer) [coûts] to be reduced ou cut; [délais] to be reduced ou shortened; [importations] to be cut; [écart] to narrow2) ( consister seulement en)* * *ʀedɥiʀ vt1) (= diminuer) [pression, température] to lower, [prix, dépenses] to cut, to reduceIl faut réduire la pression interne à un niveau acceptable. — The internal pressure should be lowered to an acceptable level.
Ils ont réduit leurs prix. — They've cut their prices.
Il a réduit de moitié ses dépenses. — He has cut his spending by half.
2)L'explosion avait réduit l'immeuble à un tas de décombres. — The explosion had reduced the building to a pile of debris.
réduire en cendres — to reduce to ashes, to burn to ashes
Ce superbe tableau à été réduit en cendres. — This superb painting was burnt to ashes.
3)les circonstances qui l'avaient réduit à mendier; les circonstances qui l'avaient réduit à la mendicité — the circumstances that had reduced him to begging
4) CUISINE to reduce5) MATHÉMATIQUE to reduce6) [carte] to scale down, to reduce7) MÉDECINE, [fracture] to set* * *réduire verb table: conduireA vtr1 ( diminuer) to reduce [impôt, coût, vitesse, distance, stocks, inégalités]; to reduce, to cut [dépenses]; to reduce, to shorten [délai, durée]; to reduce, to lessen [chances, risques]; to reduce, to limit [choix]; to reduce, to bring down [chômage]; to limit [influence]; réduire le personnel to cut (down on) staff; réduire un article de 3% to reduce ou cut the price of an article by 3%; réduire d'un quart to reduce by a quarter; réduire qch de peu/de beaucoup to reduce sth slightly/greatly; réduire qch au minimum to reduce sth to a minimum; réduire les subventions de moitié to cut subsidies by half; réduire qch en taille/en longueur to make sth smaller/shorter, to reduce the size/length of sth; les jeans sont réduits de 20% jeans are reduced by 20%; réduire le nombre de succursales to cut down the number of branches; je dois réduire mes dépenses I must cut down on my spending; réduire l'écart entre to narrow the gap between;2 ( en reproduisant) to reduce [photographie, document]; to scale down [dessin]; ( en faisant des coupures) to cut [texte];3 ( transformer) réduire qch en poudre to crush sth to powder; réduire qch en bouillie to reduce sth to a pulp; réduire le blé en farine to grind wheat into flour; être réduit en cendres lit [bâtiment, ville] to be reduced to ashes; fig [espoirs, rêves] to turn to ashes; être réduit à rien ou à néant [efforts, travail, fortune] to be wiped out;4 ( en simplifiant) réduire qch à to reduce sth to; réduire un problème à l'essentiel to reduce a problem to its bare essentials; vous avez tort de réduire ce conflit à… it is wrong to consider this conflict as no more than…;5 ( obliger) réduire qn à qch to reduce sb to sth; réduire qn au silence to reduce sb to silence; réduire qn à la mendicité to reduce sb to begging; en être réduit à se taire/mendier to be reduced to silence/begging; voilà à quoi j'en suis réduit! this is what I've been reduced to!; réduire un peuple en esclavage to reduce a nation to slavery;6 ( vaincre) to subdue [ennemi, tribu]; to silence [opposition]; to crush [émeute, mouvement de résistance];9 Math to reduce [fraction]; réduire des fractions au même dénominateur to reduce fractions to a common denominator.B vi Culin [sauce, sirop] to reduce; [champignons, épinards] to shrink; faites réduire le mélange allow the mixture to reduce; les champignons réduisent à la cuisson mushrooms shrink when cooked.C se réduire vpr1 ( diminuer) [coûts] to be reduced ou cut; [délais] to be reduced ou shortened; [importations] to be cut; l'écart se réduit the gap is narrowing;2 ( consister seulement en) se réduire à to consist merely of; leur contribution se réduit à quelques sacs de blé their contribution consists merely of a few sacks of wheat; cela se réduit à bien peu de chose it doesn't amount to very much;3 ( se restreindre) se réduire dans ses dépenses to cut down on one's spending.[redɥir] verbe transitif1. [restreindre - consommation] to reduce, to cut down on ; [ - inflation] to reduce, to bring down (separable), to lower ; [ - dépenses, effectifs] to reduce, to cut back on ; [ - distance] to reduce, to decrease ; [ - chauffage] to lower, to turn down (separable)il a réduit le prix de 10 % he cut ou reduced the price by 10%réduire quelque chose de moitié to cut something by half, to halve something3. [changer]réduire quelque chose à néant: il a réussi à réduire à néant le travail de dix années he managed to reduce ten years' work to nothing4. [forcer]réduire la presse/l'opposition au silence to silence the press/the oppositionréduire quelqu'un à faire to force ou to compel ou to drive somebody to do————————[redɥir] verbe intransitif————————se réduire verbe pronominal intransitif[économiser] to cut down————————se réduire à verbe pronominal plus préposition[consister en] to amount to -
14 odd
adjective1) (extraordinary) merkwürdig; (strange, eccentric) seltsam3) (additional)1,000 and odd pounds — etwas über 1 000 Pfund
4) (occasional, random) gelegentlichodd job/odd-job man — Gelegenheitsarbeit, die/-arbeiter, der
5) (one of pair or group) einzelnodd socks/gloves — etc. nicht zusammengehörende Socken/Handschuhe usw.
be the odd man out — (extra person) überzählig sein; (thing) nicht dazu passen
6) (uneven) ungerade [Zahl, Seite, Hausnummer]7) (plus something)she must be forty odd — sie muss etwas über vierzig sein
twelve pounds odd — etwas mehr als zwölf Pfund
* * *[od]3) (not one of a pair, set etc: an odd shoe.) einzeln4) (occasional; free: at odd moments.) gelegentlich•- academic.ru/51229/oddity">oddity- oddly
- oddment
- odds
- odd jobs
- odd job man
- be at odds
- make no odds
- oddly enough
- odd man out / odd one out
- odds and ends
- what's the odds?* * *[ɒd, AM ɑ:d]I. adjhe has an \odd way of showing his feelings er hat eine merkwürdige Art, seine Gefühle zu zeigenthese trains leave at \odd times diese Züge haben ausgefallene Abfahrtszeitenwhat an \odd coincidence! was für ein sonderbarer Zufall!the \odd thing about it is that... das Komische daran ist, dass...to find sth \odd etw komisch [o merkwürdig] findento look \odd komisch aussehen\odd shoes/socks einzelne Schuhe/Sockenguess which number of the following sequence is the \odd one out rate mal, welche der folgenden Zahlen nicht dazugehörtshe was always the \odd one out at school sie war immer eine Außenseiterin in der Schuleshe does the \odd teaching job but nothing permanent sie unterrichtet gelegentlich, hat aber keinen festen Jobto score the \odd goal hin und wieder einen Treffer landen\odd visitor vereinzelter Besucher/vereinzelte BesucherinII. n▪ the \odds are... es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass...▪ the \odds on/against sb doing sth die Chancen, dass jd etw tut/nicht tutwhat are the \odds on him being late again? wie stehen die Chancen, dass er wieder zu spät kommt?the \odds against my horse winning are a hundred to one die Chancen, dass mein Pferd nicht gewinnt, stehen hundert zu einsto give long \odds on/against sth etw dat große/sehr geringe Chancen einräumen▶ against all [the] \odds entgegen allen Erwartungen▶ to be at \odds with sb mit jdm uneins seinit makes no \odds to me es ist mir [völlig] einerleidoes it make any \odds whether you use butter or oil? macht es einen Unterschied, ob du Butter oder Öl verwendest?I got paid a bit over the \odds for that job für diesen Job habe ich etwas mehr bezahlt bekommen* * *[ɒd]1. adj (+er)1) (= peculiar) merkwürdig, seltsam, sonderbar; person, thing, idea eigenartig, seltsamhow odd that we should meet him — (wie) eigenartig or seltsam, dass wir ihn trafen
it is an odd thing to do — es ist seltsam, so etwas zu tun
the odd thing about it is that... — das Merkwürdige etc daran ist, dass...
2) number ungerade3) (= one of a pair or a set) shoe, glove einzelnhe/she is (the) odd man or one out — er/sie ist übrig or überzählig or das fünfte Rad am Wagen; (in character) er/sie steht (immer) abseits, er/sie ist ein Außenseiter/eine Außenseiterin
in each group underline the word/picture which is the odd man or one out — unterstreichen Sie in jeder Gruppe das nicht dazugehörige Wort/Bild
4)5) (= surplus, extra) übrig, restlich, überzähligthe odd one left over —
at odd moments or times — ab und zu
he does all the odd jobs — er macht alles, was an Arbeit anfällt
2. adv (inf)* * *1. sonderbar, seltsam, merkwürdig, komisch, eigenartig:an odd fish umg ein komischer Kauz;the odd thing about it is that … das Merkwürdige daran ist, dass …50-odd über 50, einige 50;300-odd pages einige 300 Seiten, etwas über 300 Seiten;50,000-odd etwas über 50 000;odd lot WIRTSCHa) gebrochener Börsenschluss (z. B. weniger als 100 Aktien),b) US geringe Menge, kleiner Effektenabschnitt3. (bei Geldsummen etc) und etwas:it cost five pounds odd es kostete etwas über fünf Pfund;three dollars and some odd cents drei Dollar und noch ein paar Cents4. (noch) übrig, überzählig, restlich5. ungerade (Zahl):odd and even gerade und ungerade;odd years Jahre mit ungerader Jahreszahl6. (bei Zweiteilung) (als Rest) übrig bleibend:be the odd man die entscheidende Stimme haben (bei Stimmengleichheit);a) Ausscheiden n (durch Abzählen),b) Außenseiter(in);7. Einzel…, einzeln:odd pair Einzelpaar n (Schuhe etc);an odd shoe ein einzelner Schuh8. ausgefallen (Kleidergröße etc)9. gelegentlich, Gelegenheits…:odd jobs Gelegenheitsarbeiten, gelegentliche kleine Arbeiten;B s2. Golf:a) Br Vorgabeschlag mb) überzähliger Schlag:have played the odd einen Schlag mehr gebraucht haben als der Gegner* * *adjective1) (extraordinary) merkwürdig; (strange, eccentric) seltsam2) (surplus, spare) übrig [Stück]; überzählig [Spieler]; restlich, übrig [Silbergeld]3) (additional)1,000 and odd pounds — etwas über 1 000 Pfund
4) (occasional, random) gelegentlichodd job/odd-job man — Gelegenheitsarbeit, die/-arbeiter, der
5) (one of pair or group) einzelnodd socks/gloves — etc. nicht zusammengehörende Socken/Handschuhe usw.
be the odd man out — (extra person) überzählig sein; (thing) nicht dazu passen
6) (uneven) ungerade [Zahl, Seite, Hausnummer]7) (plus something)* * *adj.einzeln adj.ungerad adj.ungerade (Mathematik) adj. -
15 scale
1) окалина || образовывать окалину2) нагар; изгарина3) накипь || образовывать накипь4) удалять окалину или накипь5) шкала || шкалировать, градуировать7) масштаб || определять масштаб, масштабировать; изменять масштаб; сводить к определённому масштабу8) весы || взвешивать9) чешуя; чешуйка || чешуйчатый10) дозатор11) размах12) размер13) солеотложение14) энт. червец•- constant-weight batch-type scale - expanded scaleto define a scale — строить шкалу; задавать масштаб
-
16 increase
1. n увеличение, возрастание, рост, умножение2. n прирост; прибавление3. v увеличивать, повышать, усиливать4. v увеличиваться, повышаться; возрастать, расти; усиливатьсяto increase in size — увеличиться в размере, расти
5. v размножатьсяСинонимический ряд:1. bonus (noun) bonus; gain; profit; yield2. development (noun) accretion; accumulation; amassment; build-up; development; increment; proliferation3. growth (noun) accession; addition; advance; augmentation; boost; breakthrough; elevation; enlargement; expansion; extension; growth; hike; jump; multiplication; raise; rise; supplement; upgrade; upswing; upturn; wax4. aggrandize (verb) accrue; add to; aggrandise; aggrandize; amplify; augment; beef up; build; build up; burgeon; compound; develop; enlarge; expand; extend; gain; greaten; grow; heighten; magnify; manifold; mount; multiply; plus; push; rise; run up; snowball; spiral; swell; upsurge; wax5. raise (verb) boost; elevate; escalate; hike; jack; jack up; jump; put up; raise; upАнтонимический ряд:decline; decrease; diminish; lessen; reduction -
17 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
18 volume
ˈvɔljum сущ.
1) а) объем, масса( какого-л. вещества) to amplify volume ≈ изменить объем to increase volume, to turn up the volume ≈ увеличить объем to decrease, turn down the volume ≈ уменьшить объем molecular volume ≈ молекулярная масса When egg whites are beaten they can rise to seven or eight times their original volume. ≈ Когда белок взбивается, его масса может увеличиться в семь-восемь раз по сравнению с первоначальной. б) вместительность, емкость The volume of the container is 100 cubic meters. ≈ Емкость контейнера 100 куб.м. Syn: size
2) а) величина, размеры, масштабы;
объем Senior officials will be discussing how the volume of sales might be reduced. ≈ Старшие должностные лица будут обсуждать, каким образом можно снизить объемы продаж. б) уровень звука to turn down the volume ≈ уменьшить громкость звука
3) а) книга, том;
ист. свиток rare volume ≈ редкая книга б) том (единица деления произведения) ;
подшивка( газет, журналов) the first volume of his autobiography ≈ первый том его автобиографии a companion volume to our first dictionary ≈ дополнительный том к первому изданию нашего словаря bound volumes of the magazines ≈ переплетенные подшивки журналов
4) клуб( дыма и т. п.) том, книга;
корешок (библиотечный термин) - a library of
12. 000 *s библиотека в 12 тысяч книг /томов/ - a work in 3 *s произведение в трех томах - the sacred * (религия) священное писание - the Christian * (религия) евангелие( историческое) свиток (разговорное) толстая книга объем - specific * удельный объем - * of liquid in the cask объем жидкости в бочке величина, размеры, масштабы;
объем - * of employment (экономика) численность занятых - the * of trade объем торговли - * of business( коммерческое) торговый оборот;
объем деловых операций - * of traffic объем перевозок, интенсивность движения;
грузонапряженность - * of exports( экономика) физический объем экспорта - in terms of * по объему значительное количество - to produce in * производить в больших количествах емкость, вместимость - the * of the container is 100 cubic meters емкость контейнера 100 кубических метров сила, полнота - a voice of great * мощный голос - * of storm (метеорология) сила /интенсивность/ шторма /бури/ - *s of sound раскаты (грома, органной музыки и т. п.) - * of fire (военное) плотность огня - * of sound( физическое) громкость звука, диапазон громкости звука клуб - *s of smoke клубы дыма кольцо( особ. свившейся змеи) ;
переплетение( растений) pl извивы, перевивы, изгибы > to speak /to tell, to express/ *s говорить красноречивее всяких слов;
быть весьма многозначительным;
говорить о многом > his donation speaks *s for his generosity его дар - лучшее доказательство его щедрости > it speaks *s for him это лучше всего его характеризует( с положительной стороны) крупномасштабный - * price оптовая цена - * sales оптовая продажа, продажа крупными партиями извергать клубами (дым) испускать, издавать( звук) переплетать в том (журналы и т. п.) ;
собирать в одной книге (рассказы и т. п.) backup ~ вчт. дублирующий том business ~ объем деловых операций business ~ торговый оборот composite ~ сборник нескольких ранее опубликованных работ control ~ вчт. управляющий том credit ~ размер кредита current ~ вчт. текущий том export ~ объем экспорта export ~ объем экспортных операций gross ~ общий объем import ~ объем импорта logical ~ вчт. логический том loose-leaf ~ полигр. обложка для вкладных листов migration ~ вчт. миграционный том multifunction ~ вчт. многофайловый том multiple ~ вчт. многотомный net effective ~ общий полезный объем net ~ чистый объем order ~ объем заказа physical ~ вчт. физический том production ~ объем производства removable ~ вчт. сменный том resident ~ вчт. резидентный том root ~ вчт. корневой том sales ~ объем продаж sales ~ объем сбыта sales ~ объем товарооборота sales ~ товарооборот share trading ~ объем торговли акциями ~ attr. объемный;
относящийся к объему;
to tell (или to speak) volumes говорить красноречивее всяких слов (о выражении лица и т. п) ;
быть весьма многозначительным test ~ вчт. тестовый том total ~ общий объем trade ~ объем биржевых сделок trade ~ объем торговли trading ~ объем торговли trading ~ торговый оборот view ~ вчт. изображаемый объем volume большое количество ~ величина ~ вместимость ~ громкость ~ емкость ~ (обыкн. pl) значительное количество;
volumes of smoke клубы дыма ~ масса ~ емкость, вместительность ~ оборот ~ (физический) объем, величина, размер, вместимость, емкость;
большое количество;
том, книга ~ объем ~ объем, масса (какого-л. вещества) ~ размер ~ ист. свиток ~ сила, полнота (звука) ;
volume of sound громкость ~ том, книга ~ том ~ attr. объемный;
относящийся к объему;
to tell (или to speak) volumes говорить красноречивее всяких слов (о выражении лица и т. п) ;
быть весьма многозначительным ~ in circulation сумма капитала в обращении ~ of assets сумма активов ~ of bond transactions объем сделок с облигациями ~ of bonds in circulation количество облигаций в обращении ~ of business объем деловых операций ~ of business объем продаж ~ of business торговый оборот ~ of exports физический объем экспорта ~ of imports физический объем импорта ~ of orders объем заказов ~ of premiums объем страховых платежей ~ of sales объем продаж ~ сила, полнота (звука) ;
volume of sound громкость ~ of trade объем торговли ~ of trade товарооборот ~ of transactions объем сделок ~ serial number вчт. номер тома ~ table of contents вчт. каталог тома ~ (обыкн. pl) значительное количество;
volumes of smoke клубы дыма work ~ вчт. рабочий том -
19 свидетельствовать
•Newton, whose continuing allegiance to corpuscularism is repeatedly attested by his letters...
•A clustering around this limit of secondary components of... attests (or suggests) that the tendency to expand...
•The physiographic differences between the Earth and the Moon bear witness to (or point to) the geological significance of...
•The smooth-flowing text betokens an excellent job of translation.
•The wide disagreement with the facts is demonstration that the simplified notion...
•This predominates, as evidenced by the progressive decrease...
•Figure 4 indicates (or points to the fact) that the yield of lactic acid decreases with the increase of...
•The number of papers concerned with perforated-plate performance is indicative of a lively interest in...
•This in itself is testimony to the size and intricacy of...
•Today a fossil record has been found to bear witness to three of the key events in the earliest stages of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > свидетельствовать
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20 определять
Определять - to determine, to estimate, to assess (расчётом, измерением); to infer (логически); to diagnose (диагностировать); to detect (обнаруживать); to identify (опознавать, выявлять); to control, to govern, to dictate, to dominate, to establish (обуславливать, играть главную роль); to define (формулировать), to measure (знания, способности)No capital cost penalty was assessed against this design. (Увеличение капитальных затрат для этой конструкции не определялось.)A second critical number at 2200 was inferred, based on further changes in the shape of the local mass transfer rate profile, to indicate the onset of vortex shedding in the separated region.Inasmuch as those measured values of the position cause greatly magnified errors in the second divided difference, it was possible to detect which measurements were not precisely correct.By this process, an axial station was identified at which the pure downstream motion was punctuated by the lunges of the reattachment zone.A similar result was reported in [...] for cantilever designs with short spans, where bearing deflection controls pinion motion. An opposite trend is displayed for the straddle where the shaft, stiffened by a decrease in length, dictates pinion deflection.However, manufacturing considerations will establish a minimum practical fin thickness.Finally, the convection currents become established and dominate the heat transfer.Also calculated were the transferred volume and the void volume, both of which will be defined in the section describing the transfer model.The testing measures your command of the English language in the areas of listening, reading, writing, and speaking.Определять(ся) поAs the fan blade material is titanium the pressure instrumented blades are identified magnetically by a flame sprayed soft iron patch applied to the blade tips.The temperature gradient on the surface can be determined from the temperature profile.System stability was indicated by a vanishing of the sustained oscillatory behavior and the reappearance of the inherent random fluctuations.Defect size can thus be measured by frequency as follows.F(Tw/T) was found to be unity in this regime if all properties were based on the film temperature.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > определять
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См. также в других словарях:
Decrease — De*crease , v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Decreased}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Decreasing}.] [OE. decrecen, fr. OF. decreistre, F. d[ e]cro[^i]tre, or from the OF. noun (see {Decrease}, n.), fr. L. decrescere to grow less; de + crescere to grow. See {Crescent},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
decrease — I. verb (decreased; decreasing) Etymology: Middle English decreessen, from Anglo French decrestre, from Latin decrescere, from de + crescere to grow more at crescent Date: 14th century intransitive verb to grow progressively less (as in size,… … New Collegiate Dictionary
decrease — [dē krēs′, dikrēs′; ] also, & for n. usually [, dē′krēs΄] vi., vt. decreased, decreasing [ME decresen < OFr decreistre < L decrescere < de , from, away + crescere, grow: see CRESCENT] to become or cause to become less, smaller, etc.;… … English World dictionary
decrease — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun ADJECTIVE ▪ dramatic, drastic, great, large, marked, sharp, significant, substantial ▪ There has been a sharp decrease in pollution sinc … Collocations dictionary
decrease — decreases, decreasing, decreased (The verb is pronounced [[t]dɪkri͟ːs[/t]]. The noun is pronounced [[t]di͟ːkriːs[/t]].) 1) V ERG When something decreases or when you decrease it, it becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity. [V by amount]… … English dictionary
size — noun 1 how big or small sth is ADJECTIVE ▪ considerable, enormous, fair, good, great, impressive, large, massive, substantial, vast … Collocations dictionary
decrease — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) Diminution Nouns 1. (decrease in amount) decrease, diminution; lessening, subtraction (see deduction); reduction, abatement; shrinking, contraction, extenuation; cut back, discount. See shortness. 2.… … English dictionary for students
Number of Westminster MPs — Over the history of the House of Commons, the number of Members of Parliament (MPs) has varied for assorted reasons, with increases in recent years due to increases in the population of the United Kingdom. There are currently 650 constituencies,… … Wikipedia
decrease — v. /di krees /; n. /dee krees, di krees /, v., decreased, decreasing, n. v.i. 1. to diminish or lessen in extent, quantity, strength, power, etc.: During the ten day march across the desert their supply of water decreased rapidly. v.t. 2. to make … Universalium
decrease — de•crease v. [[t]dɪˈkris[/t]] n. [[t]ˈdi kris, dɪˈkris[/t]] v. creased, creas•ing, n. 1) to lessen, esp. by degrees, as in extent, quantity, strength, or power; diminish 2) to make less; cause to diminish 3) the act or process of decreasing;… … From formal English to slang
on the decrease — becoming less common or widespread; decreasing * * * on the decrease : becoming less in size, amount, number, etc. : decreasing The number of college applications is on the decrease. [=on the decline] • • • Main Entry: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
